Posted on 11 September 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Korean Natural Farming

As we go deeper down the rabbit hole this grow season. I will continue to discuss concepts and ideas to consider that will help you as a grower this year. But this week I want to interject with an important nutrient conversation. One that is one of my personal favourite growing methodologies as an organic grower. If you haven’t heard of it or want to give it a go. Have a dive into this week’s topic, Korean Natural Farming.

Korean Natural Farming uses methods that observe the laws of nature and utilize natural materials and products. It is based on the principle of interdependence among all living things. It aims to have a nurturing impact on the environment, in sharp contrast to the disadvantageous effects that often accompany modernized and commercialized agriculture. The observance of the natural cycle and environment-friendly agricultural practices applied in a modern setting refreshes the established perspectives on farming and provides an alternative to technology-intensive agriculture.

How Korean Natural Farming Began

Korean Natural Farming (KNF) was developed by Dr. Cho Han Kyu at the Janong Natural Farming Institute in South Korea. It was originally intended to change the chemical-based and harmful farming methods that were being practised in South Korea. Together with like-minded farmers, he converted his lifelong studies and his own experiences into an innovative farming system that not only promotes respect and care for the environment but also produces more with less cost and labour. KNF Farming recognises the abundance of nature and utilizes indigenous resources for production. Its basic philosophy is to maximize the inborn potential of a life form and its harmony with the environment by not interfering with its growth and development or forcing the crops to yield more than what they can. KNF Farmers believe that the best way to achieve top-quality yield is to respect the nature of life.

The Methodology

The KNF methodology is based on the Nutritive Cycle Theory, which guides the KNF Farmer on what inputs to apply, how much and how often. Korean Natural Farming applies the principle of interdependence in which people should nurture, instead of surmounting it or undermining it. KNF Farming is also envisioned so as to contribute to the alleviation of poverty, disease and environmental destruction by providing an alternative means of livelihood and food production.

As a farming method that goes back to basics using materials from nature and without force or chemicals. KNF Farming guarantees its farmers healthy and strong products needed to provide for their families and society. KNF respecting the natural cycle of life is more than a farming technique. It is a philosophy, a new economics and a way of life.

Strengths and Benefits

Environment-Friendly: Its inputs are made from natural materials, protecting the crops from harmful chemicals used as fertilisers in modern agriculture. In livestock raising, Natural Farming is considered a revolutionary breakthrough, accomplishing the dream method of “Zero emission”. No wastewater is emitted. Also, wastes are recycled and converted to resources.

HigherYield: It strictly follows the Nutritive Cycle Theory, using accurate amounts of substances at the precise moment, nourishing the soil with the right amounts of nutrients when the plants need it. Hence why we discussed in our previous blogs how important it is to test your soil. Here is a link to Kaya Farms, they are local and have an amazing team.

Low Cost: It helps lessen the farmers’ financial burden with the use of homemade materials and making use of resources from the farm. Often recipes call for leftovers like rice or kitchen scraps. Making it ideal for those looking to produce something from nothing too.

High Quality: Better-quality crops and livestock is the result of the non-usage of chemicals that are harmful to their production as well as the environment. This has been proven many times since 2011. From increased terpenes to more natural expressive flowers. KNF inputs are superior when done in sync.

Adaptable: KNF can be replicated in any region of ingredients and products used. All areas are unique and this allows for a more eco-friendly nutrient cycle for the plants. Ingredients can be substituted as long as the core ingredients are being respected.

User Friendly: Methods are free of toxic and poisonous chemicals, which are dangerous to a user’s health. With Natural Farming, farmers cultivate their own substances that truly provide the nutrients to the crops and animals, it also helps without harming the plants, animals and humans.

Respect for Life: Natural Farming gives utmost respect and care to the crops and animals following the natural cycle of life. Better productivity and even better harvest can be made when one nurses and gives attention to the environment.

The Nutritive Cycle Theory

The Nutritive Cycle Theory states that plants and livestock need different nutrients during different stages of growth. Like humans, plants also need different kinds of food at different stages. Just as a baby can only eat baby food, young plants or animals can only be fed with nutrients that are appropriate for their age. The Nutritive Cycle guides farmers in obtaining the best results from their crops and avoiding disease to their crops through proper nutrient management. The Growth and development of a plant takes a certain course along with the passage of time. All crops go through the stages of growth according to the qualitative changes that occur and mature with flowering and fruiting.

Importance of IMO

KNF produces a good yield when the land cultivated has an excellent soil condition for crops. Microorganisms play an important role in making soil good for growing plants. These microorganisms can also be collected and cultured. Natural Farming promotes the use of Indigenous Microorganisms (IMOs).

The microorganisms that have been living in the local area for a long time are best for farming because they are very powerful and effective. They have survived and can survive the extreme climatic conditions of the local environment much better than artificially produced microorganisms, which are cultured in some foreign or artificial environment. And since they are already available in the field, they are considered the best inputs for conditioning the land.

Organisms that are found under the heat of the sun are largely different than those found in shaded areas such as under bamboo trees. Dr. Cho and Dr. Elaine Ingham from the Soil Food Web advocate that it is better to culture microorganisms from different areas in order to collect different kinds of microorganisms (Microbial Diversity).

Korean Natural Farming Inputs

It is also good to culture microorganisms at different weather conditions and to mix different types of microorganisms. In “Non-Chemical” agriculture practices we do not feed the plant. We nurture the soil and the soil nurtures the plant through the IMOs. Microorganisms have two major functions in farming:

Microorganisms decompose complex organic compounds such as dead bodies of plants and animals and wastes into nutrients, making them easily absorbable by plants.

They can create compounds such as antibiotic substances, enzymes and lactic acids that can suppress various diseases and promote healthy soil conditions.

Here is how I go about making IMO

It is best to use leftover rice. This will ensure that the rice is not soft or sticky. Rice is placed in a ‘wooden box’ with small holes in the bottom – I normally use a cardboard box. You want to avoid using plastic or glass.

The box is covered with a paper towel. And that is your basic set-up.

Now all that needs to be done is, you have to take your box to an identified fugi dominant area. Usual forestry, old growth woods areas are ideal. A place in which decomposing of plant material is happening naturally, where leaves fall from the trees. You want to look for the best place in the shade and place the box in between the organic matter.

A small collection of sticks and leaves with mycelium attached are laid gently over top of the paper towel—a handful will do.

This rice box is then covered with a tarp and left for 3 to 7 days depending on the temperature (less time in warmer periods), or until mycelium and other microbial populations have colonized the rice in the form of white hyphae spreading through it. The rice should look like a fungus cake almost.

This is what KNF practitioners call IMO-1 (the first stage of IMO). The rice and “mold” is then weighed and mixed together with brown sugar. This sugar stabilizes the microbes, essentially sending them into an arrested state (called IMO-2) where they can easily be woken back up again. Then it is mixed with rice bran or some other carbonaceous material in low piles and lightly composted to enliven the indigenous microorganisms (which makes IMO-3). That mixture is then added to soil and composted at low temperatures again (IMO-4), which itself can be diluted and sprayed on fields or added to a compost pile or woodchips to be composted a third time (making the final IMO-5).

All of these preparations have multiple uses, and KNF deals with more than just soil. There is a whole side to the practice that deals directly with the plants. As stated above, adding the right nutrient at the right time is a critical part of KNF. For instance, Cho recommends a water-soluble calcium (abbreviated WS-CA, made from toasted egg shells and vinegar) at several different stages including “the cross-over period when the growth of crop changes from vegetative to reproductive growth.” Most of the preparations have a multitude of applications and are shelf-stable for months if not years of utility. So even if a little money is needed for brown sugar or rice, that investment theoretically pays back for many years to come.

How to utilize IMO

In order to be effective, use IMOs continuously. Since IMOs are used to make soil fertile and healthy, these should be collected and prepared as the season progresses each year. In order to bring about continued results. IMOs must be maintained in the soil. Avoid being choosy in collecting microorganisms. Instead, microorganisms from different environments should be collected and mixed. It is recommended to collect IMOs from all four directions of the field. We can also collect microbes from mountains, summits, valleys and trenches.

Personally, I prepare IMO and store it as IMO-2 only before and in the middle of my growth cycles do I then apply it. So I only really make as much as I need for the amount of plants I am growing. Whatever is left is added into the compost teas later on in the cycle. So during the transition period of the plants I culture different IMOs again.

After farming KNF it is hard to change direction back. This has been my findings. There is so much more to be said on IMO alone. But for now, I will leave it here. Next week I will give a list of my top KNF recipes and how you should consider going about making your own nutrients. In the meantime, use this method to create your own IMO culture in your grow space and step into the world of real organic farming

Posted on 4 September 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Organic or Synthetic Nutrients: Which should you use?

This week we will discuss Organic and synthetic nutrients. What the strengths and weaknesses of them are and how you can go about deciding which is best for you. When it comes to deciding and sticking to a nutrient regimen I have seen so many growers fall short of what they have planned for their grow seasons. Before you can decide, it is advised that you understand the basics of the fertigation regiment and how it will impact your growing methodology, scale and overall outcome of the flower.

Organic Nutrients

The term generally refers to some nutrient in its most natural state or raw form. Things like animal manure, compost, bone meal, seaweed etc. These generally take much longer to break down in the soil and have undergone little to no chemical processing. Some organic nutrients use fermentation to make nutrients more bioavailable to plants and soil food web as a whole.

Advantages of Organic Nutrients:

Soil Health and Microbial Life: Organic nutrients support a thriving soil ecosystem by promoting beneficial microbes and fungi. These organisms help break down organic matter into forms that plants can easily absorb, creating a living soil environment. This results in healthier plants and a more resilient growing medium over time.

Flavour and Aroma: Many growers believe that using organic nutrients enhances the natural flavour and aroma of cannabis. Since organic growing mimics a plant’s natural environment, it often leads to a richer terpene profile, which directly impacts the taste and smell of the final product. I have not read any scientific papers on this but Most will swear that organic flower produces better entourage effects. Get in the comment section and let us know your opinion on the matter

Environmental Impact: Organic farming methods are generally more sustainable and environmentally friendly. By using renewable resources and avoiding synthetic chemicals, organic growers contribute to the health of the ecosystem, reducing pollution and soil degradation.

Lower Risk of Nutrient Burn: Organic nutrients are released slowly into the soil, reducing the risk of overfeeding or nutrient burn, a common problem with synthetic fertilizers. This mistake can easily be made by newer growers. But understand that in an organic setting nutrient burn and ‘hot soil’ can absolutely occur just as easily if one is just careless about adding amendments

Disadvantages of Organic Nutrients:

Slower Nutrient Availability: Since organic nutrients need to be broken down by soil microbes before they can be absorbed by the plant, the effects may be slower compared to synthetic nutrients. This can be a disadvantage if you’re looking for rapid growth or if your plants are showing signs of deficiency that require immediate correction.

Inconsistent Nutrient Levels: Organic materials can vary in nutrient content, making it harder to precisely control the nutrient levels your plants receive. This can sometimes result in deficiencies or imbalances if not managed carefully. Something you need to be ok with. It is only until you create well-rounded soil and do testing to know the optimal level that you will be able to avoid these inconsistencies. Even with all the measures, it is just not as precise as the other method and I think this lack of control can cause growers to waste more money than they realize on things they don’t need but don’t know that they don’t need.

More Labor-Intensive: Organic growing often requires more effort, from creating and maintaining compost to managing soil health. This can be time-consuming, especially for novice growers.

Synthetic Nutrients – Salts

Synthetic mineral salts go by a few names, such as mineral fertilizers, mineral salts, synthetic fertilizers, synthetic nutrients or chemical fertilizers. As some of its names suggest, it’s not completely made up of natural compounds. It’s also worth noting that synthetic mineral salts are not the same as the likes of table salt or sodium chloride. Salts will react to water used to grow a plant and release its ionic nutrients, such as commonly used calcium nitrate and potassium phosphate. These are ionic compounds that plants love because it provides the necessary nutrients that it need to grow. Compared to organic fertilizers, synthetic mineral salts don’t need microbes or bacteria to mineralize or break down nutritional compounds in order to turn them into plant-available elements. In fact, plants don’t know the difference between organic and inorganic elements or plant food.

Advantages of Synthetic Nutrients:

Immediate Results: Synthetic nutrients are water-soluble and can be quickly absorbed by the plant’s roots, leading to faster growth and quicker recovery from nutrient deficiencies. This makes them ideal for growers who need precise control over their plants’ nutrient intake.

Consistency and Precision: With synthetic nutrients, you know exactly what your plants are getting. They are formulated to deliver exact nutrient ratios, allowing for precise feeding schedules tailored to each stage of growth.

Ease of Use: Synthetic nutrients are generally easier to use. They often come with clear instructions and can be applied directly, without the need for composting or brewing teas. With the right tools, this becomes very simple and manageable. This can often lead to debates over powder or liquid fertilizer being better…

Disadvantages of Synthetic Nutrients:

Impact on Soil Health: Over time, synthetic nutrients can degrade soil health by killing off beneficial microbes and fungi. This can lead to a sterile growing medium that requires ongoing inputs to maintain plant health.

Environmental Concerns: The production and use of synthetic fertilizers contribute to pollution, including runoff into waterways that can harm aquatic life. Additionally, their overuse can lead to soil degradation and a dependency on chemical inputs.

Risk of Overfeeding: Since synthetic nutrients are highly concentrated, there’s a greater risk of overfeeding and nutrient burn. This can damage plants and reduce yields if not carefully monitored.

Carbon-integrated nutrients

An emerging trend in cannabis cultivation, combining the benefits of organic and synthetic nutrients with the added advantage of carbon-based compounds. These nutrients are designed to enhance plant growth by improving nutrient absorption and promoting overall plant health.

Carbon-integrated nutrients incorporate carbon-rich compounds, such as humic acids, fulvic acids, and other organic carbon sources, into the nutrient formula. These compounds act as natural chelators, binding to essential nutrients and making them more available to plants. The integration of carbon in nutrient formulas aims to optimize nutrient uptake, enhance soil structure, and stimulate beneficial microbial activity.

Advantages of Carbon-Integrated Nutrients

Enhanced Nutrient Absorption: Carbon-rich compounds like humic and fulvic acids are known for their ability to chelate nutrients. This means they bind to essential elements, such as iron, magnesium, and calcium, making them more readily available to the plant’s roots. This can lead to improved nutrient uptake, resulting in healthier and more vigorous growth.

Improved Soil Health: Carbon-integrated nutrients contribute to the long-term health of your growing medium. They enhance soil structure by increasing organic matter content, which improves water retention, aeration, and overall soil fertility. This creates an environment that supports healthy root development and a thriving microbial ecosystem.

Stimulates Microbial Activity: The organic carbon in these nutrients acts as a food source for beneficial microbes in the soil. These microbes play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter, cycling nutrients, and protecting plants from pathogens. By promoting a healthy microbial population, carbon-integrated nutrients help create a more resilient and productive growing environment.

Compatibility with Both Organic and Synthetic Systems: Carbon-integrated nutrients can be used in conjunction with both organic and synthetic growing systems. This flexibility allows growers to incorporate the benefits of carbon-based compounds into their existing nutrient regime, whether they’re using organic amendments, synthetic fertilizers, or a combination of both.

Enhanced Plant Stress Tolerance: The presence of carbon-rich compounds can help plants better withstand environmental stresses, such as drought, temperature fluctuations, and nutrient imbalances. This is because carbon compounds can improve water retention in the soil and enhance the plant’s overall resilience.

Disadvantages of Carbon-Integrated Nutrients

Cost: Carbon-integrated nutrients tend to be more expensive than traditional organic or synthetic nutrients due to the added complexity of the formulation. For some growers, especially those operating on a tight budget, this cost may be a significant consideration.

Complexity in Use: While carbon-integrated nutrients offer numerous benefits, they can be more complex to use effectively. Understanding how these nutrients interact with your specific growing medium and environment may require additional knowledge and experience.

How to Choose the Best Fit for Your Needs

Consider Your Growing Goals: If you prioritize sustainability, soil health, and superior flavour, organic nutrients might be the best choice. Organic growing is ideal for those who enjoy the process of nurturing a living soil and are patient with the slower pace of nutrient uptake.

If you’re focused on maximizing yields, achieving rapid growth, and maintaining precise control over your nutrient regime, synthetic nutrients could be more suitable. This option is often preferred by commercial growers or those looking for efficiency and consistency.

Think About Environmental Impact: If reducing your ecological footprint is important, organic growing is the way to go. However, there are ways to mitigate the environmental impact of synthetic nutrients, such as using them sparingly and combining them with organic practices like carbon-integrated nutrient solutions.

Consider the Growing Medium: Organic nutrients work best in soil or organic-based growing mediums that support microbial life. Synthetic nutrients, on the other hand, can be used in a variety of mediums, including hydroponics, where organic options are more limited.

Most importantly, whatever you decide. Stick to it, too many times growers switch up their nutrient lines and methodologies during a grow cycle causing massive harm. Learn more this season as you grow and you will find that either organic or synthetic nutrients will work for you.

Posted on 28 August 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Cannabis Seeds: How They Work And Differ

Selecting the correct genetics in your cannabis cultivation journey can be tricky. It is important to grasp the basics of cannabis seeds before making the crucial error that most do. Spend before they might not need to. Today we will discuss cannabis seeds how they work, and the various types there are. Your decision will greatly affect your results.

The Basics of Cannabis Seeds

Cannabis seeds are typically oval-shaped seeds, roughly 3-4mm long and 1.5-2mm wide. A mature cannabis seed will have a healthy seed coat. The skin of the seed will be defined (some call it tiger stripes). Over the years, due to genetic breeding, I have seen well-defined Albino-looking cannabis seeds too. So it is not always that they will have defined stripe patterns. Look at the overall seed health. For most growers, seeds will make up the foundation of their cultivation experience. There are very few growers who start with clones and only stick to that. What most growers love about seeds is that they have greater potential to grow healthier, robust plants.

The Anatomy of a Cannabis Seed

The outer layer known as the seed coat protects the inner embryonic plant material. The seed coat has been suggested to need more in-depth study. As some scientists believe it does more than just protect and prevent germination.

On the inside of the seeds you can find a substance called albumen, which is a nutritional reserve that keeps the embryo healthy until germination; it’s also the seed’s initial source of energy once it begins germinating. Now, for the centre of the seed, home to the precious embryo from which your new plant will grow from. It contains the plant’s genetic code alongside four other parts; the radicle, the hypocotyl, cotyledons and gemmules(The apical meristem or the growth region that will develop into the plant’s shoots). The radicle is the embryonic root; this is the part of the seed where roots come from. The hypocotyl is known as the embryonic stage, and the cotyledons are in charge of those first few leaves that you can see once the seed germinates.

During germination, water absorption triggers the development of the radicle, marking the beginning of the seed’s transformation into a mature plant. So many growers have struggled over the past to germinate seed successfully that there are kits to assist in this process. It seems odd that not everyone can do the basic seed sprouting we learned as kids in school. Or maybe we seem to have just been so far disconnected from growing that this process has become a niche in the industry on its own. Available on the market today; are basic germination kits and even sophisticated Aruora devices.

Feminized vs. Regular Cannabis Seeds: What’s the Difference?

When selecting cannabis seeds, Growers encounter feminized seeds and regular seeds often. Whether that is online or at your local grow shop. These are the standard options. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of both can help you make a better decision for your growing objectives.

Feminized Cannabis Seeds

As the name suggests, feminized cannabis seeds are specially bred to produce exclusively female plants, or approximately 99.9% female. This is a significant advantage for most growers, as female plants are the ones that produce the cannabinoid-rich, resinous buds sought after for both recreational and medicinal use. In my opinion, newer growers that has the budget for these types of seeds should invest in them. They will help produce a standard plant that has been bred to produce exactly what it was meant for. With less unpredictability in these genetics, you can focus more of your efforts in other aspects of the growing cycle.

Advantages of Feminized Seeds

Higher Yield Potential: Since feminized seeds produce only female plants, every plant in your garden contributes to your final harvest. There’s no need to identify and remove male plants, which do not produce buds.

Simplified Cultivation: For beginners, feminized seeds remove the complexity of sexing plants and prevent the accidental pollination of female plants, which can reduce the quality and potency of your harvest.

Cost-Effective: By eliminating the possibility of male plants, growers can maximize the efficiency of their growing space and resources, leading to a more cost-effective cultivation process.

Disadvantages of Feminized Seeds

Limited Breeding Potential: Feminized seeds are not suitable for breeding, as they do not produce male plants necessary for creating new strains. Often also lacking strong pollination and genetic translations from the female plants due to their feminized make-up, in comparison to regular seeds.

Increased Risk of Hermaphroditism: Although rare, stress conditions during growth can cause feminized plants to develop both male and female reproductive organs, which can lead to self-pollination and seed production in your buds. This risk is also increased when the feminization process is not done in completely stable environments by more inexperienced breeders.

Regular Cannabis Seeds

Regular cannabis seeds produce a mix of male and female plants, with approximately 50% of each sex. These seeds are the traditional choice for breeders and experienced growers looking to create their own unique strains. Regular seeds offer you a new experience and thus it can be hit or miss. Most of the time growers will have to plant more seeds to find a more desirable phenotype to grow to full potential. They have been proven to be more resistant to moulds and diseases as these seeds often are climitized over growing cycles.

Advantages of Regular Seeds

Breeding Potential: Regular seeds are essential for those interested in breeding and developing new cannabis strains. The presence of male plants allows for the cross-pollination necessary to combine different genetic traits.

Viable Clones: Female plants from regular seeds are often considered more stable and resilient, making them ideal candidates for cloning. This also gives the nursery a unique market advantage as the phenotype will be different from others offering the same strain

Genetic Diversity: Regular seeds offer a broader range of genetic diversity, which can lead to more robust plants with unique characteristics.

Disadvantages of Regular Seeds

Sexing Required: Growers must carefully monitor their plants during the pre-flowering stage to identify and remove male plants, which can be labor-intensive and requires experience.

Space and Resources: Since approximately half of the plants will be male, growers need additional space and resources to accommodate the extra plants until they are sexed and removed.

Risk of Pollination: If male plants are not removed in time, they can pollinate female plants, leading to the production of seeds instead of high-quality buds.

Autoflowering Cannabis Seeds: A Third Option

In addition to feminized and regular seeds, growers may also encounter autoflowering cannabis seeds. These seeds can be either feminized or regular, but they possess a unique trait that sets them apart from photoperiod strains: autoflowering plants begin to flower based on age rather than light exposure. This unique genetic trait is very tricky to breed into plants and thus we only advise to stick to breeders that only do auto-flowering genetics. A big misconception surrounding auto-flowering cannabis is that they ‘don’t need’ much light. And although there is some truth to this is must be stated that your results will not be as great as an auto-flowering cannabis plant that receives a normal light cycle.

Advantages of Autoflowering Seeds

Faster Harvest: Autoflowering strains have a shorter life cycle, often completing their growth and flowering phases in a matter of weeks. This is ideal for growers looking for a quick turnaround. When managed correctly harvesting and planting can be come a set and collect type ordeal.

Resilience: Autoflowering plants are generally more resilient to environmental stress and are less sensitive to light changes, making them easier to grow, especially for beginners. They are not as rewarding – so keep that in mind

Compact Size: These plants tend to be smaller and more discreet, which is advantageous for growers with limited space or those cultivating in stealthy locations. This is also genetically dependent these days. At first yes. But the auto-flowering niche has developed so much that you can find yourself with a 4-foot-tall plant. Don’t say I didn’t warn you.

Disadvantages of Autoflowering Seeds

Lower Yields: Autoflowering plants typically produce smaller yields compared to photoperiod strains, although advancements in breeding are gradually narrowing this gap.

Reduced Potency: Historically, autoflowering strains have been associated with lower potency, though newer varieties are showing significant improvements. This is almost not a disadvantage anymore. When we look at breeders like Fastbuds genetics and Mephisto genetics

Limited Control: Since autoflowering plants flower based on time rather than light cycles, growers have less control over the vegetative phase, which can limit the plant’s size and overall yield.

Which Seed Type is Right for You?

The choice between feminized, regular, and autoflowering seeds ultimately depends on your goals as a grower. For beginners, feminized seeds are generally the best option, offering an easier and more predictable path to a bountiful harvest. These seeds allow you to focus on mastering the basics of cannabis cultivation without the added challenge of sexing plants or dealing with male plants.

For those interested in breeding or exploring the genetic diversity of cannabis, regular seeds provide the necessary foundation for creating new strains. The ability to produce both male and female plants opens up a world of possibilities for those looking to innovate and experiment with cannabis genetics.

If you’re looking for a quick and easy growing experience with a fast turnaround, autoflowering seeds may be the way to go. Their resilience and short life cycle make them an excellent choice for those who want to see results quickly, even if it means sacrificing some yield and potency.

Posted on 21 August 202415 January 2025 by Joe

Understanding Soil: The Foundation Of Outdoor Growing

Last week, I wrote about the most basic things you must consider when starting. It was an introduction to what I have determined to be a nuanced “how to” series. I will discuss things to make you more successful in your growing endeavours. There is no one way to skin a cat and there is just so much information so I will do my best during this growing season to stay in the ‘how to’ mode. So for the next few weeks expect nothing but growing content. With that being said. I want to Discuss Soil…

Identifying Your Soil Type

For those that will be going into the ground, or in raised beds and pots. It is of utmost importance to take more time prior to the growing season to prepare things. And know what you are working with. If it is your first time growing cannabis this season. You would want to start with identifying your soil type. This will allow you to best prepare the soil towards a more cannabis-friendly growing medium.

The main components of soil are dirt, minerals, organic matter and moisture. So to understand how you can best create amazing living soil, go in your backyard with a spade where you intend to grow and dig some ground up and have a look at it. Is it mainly sand, silt or clay? Is it a mixture?

Here is a picture of a soil triangle I always show people. You want to be in the Loamy centre. So by figuring out where you are, you can work your way towards the centre by adding the other components to your specific situation. If your soil is very clay mix in some sand, silt and organic matter to bring it towards the loamy centre.

Sandy Soil: This type is gritty to the touch and drains water quickly, which can be beneficial in preventing root rot. However, it may struggle to retain nutrients, so you’ll need to supplement with organic matter.

Clay Soil: Clay soil is dense and holds onto water and nutrients well, but it can become compacted, making it difficult for roots to penetrate. It also tends to dry out slowly, which can be a problem in wet climates.

Loamy Soil: Often considered the ideal soil type for gardening, loamy soil is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It has good drainage, retains nutrients, and is easy to work with, making it an excellent choice for cannabis cultivation.

Silty Soil: Silty soil has a smooth texture and holds moisture better than sandy soil but may have drainage issues similar to clay soil. It’s rich in nutrients and can be improved with organic matter to enhance its structure.

To determine your soil type, you can perform a simple soil test by taking a small amount of damp soil and rubbing it between your fingers. Sandy soil will feel gritty, clay soil will feel sticky, and loamy soil will feel smooth and crumbly.

Preparing and Improving the Soil

Once you know what you are working with you can start preparing and improving the soil to create the optimal living soil and environment for your cannabis. Keeing in mind that cannabis thrives in equally bacterial and fungal soils it is important to hold a balance when going into preparation for the season.

Most home growers will never consider doing a soil test. But it is something I would recommend you do. There are various tools that can also assist in checking the Ph of the soil as well as the moisture content of the soil. These help a lot in determining how many amendments are required. For those that have been growing many seasons, It is something I highly recommend you do. It could save you lots of money during the season. Note that while the soil test can be affordable to some, most places charge for the interpretation of the data. This is where I would recommend you either sharpen your skills or pay the experts.

Cannabis when grown in a living soil environment, correctly, has many natural buffers for the plants not to have imbalances in nutrients and things like that. But this does not mean that the grower shouldn’t be aware of what is going on too. – check out my piece on ‘pH doesn’t Matter’ for more on that.

Organic matter – This is a staple amendment in all growing. Whether it is compost from chicken or cow manures, food scraps like Bokashi or leaf mould. Organic matter is almost always added to any and all soil types. Sandy soil gets an increase in moisture retention, it helps loosen up clay soils and provides essential nutrients to loamy and silt soil.

Soil Aeration and water retention cannot be overlooked. Heavy clay soil can become water-locked. Adding things like, biochar, sand, perlite and vermiculite will improve drainage and water retention. It will also assist with Cation exchange. Which is essential for nutrient uptake in the plants,

Getting Ready to Plant

Due to the nature of outdoor organic growing. Growers should be proactive in preparation. Ensuring you condition your soil for growing is so important. It is pointless to prepare weeks ahead of time by mixing various things into your soil and then come time to plant, the soil is dry and not conditioned for growing.

Here is how I get all the life in the soil going before I put my cannabis in it.

After letting the ground sit for a few days after I have amended it. I will add a cover crop to it. Something like red clover. This will start stimulating the soil. The exchanges between the bacteria, fungus and cover crop will start building this essential ecosystem for your cannabis.

Once my cover crop is growing I will start making my own Lactic acid bacteria, which I will pour into the soil too. I will add some earthworms and amend my last piece to the ground. For me, it is important to have a living soil that is actually alive and growing things before you add cannabis to it. I have noticed my cannabis thrives more on these types of grounds. If you disagree, please let me know what you do and how you go about it differently.

Mulching the soil will help too. This will help increase moisture retention as well as provide shade to the surface of the soil. Allowing for life to grow on the surface of the soil too. Increasing plant growth and health.

Whether you are transplanting or putting the seed directly into the ground. Make sure you give the ground enough time to break down nutrients from the compost and other amendments. Giving time for cover crops to crop and chop and grow will produce a more mature living soil in which the cannabis will thrive in. The soil food web is very important. A successful organic grower will always put the soil first. As it is the foundation on which the grow revolves around.

When your soil is prepared and ready to go. Watering with the occasional activated compost tea will do wonders.

It will make growing a breeze almost.

Posted on 14 August 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Growing Cannabis Outdoors: 7 Things To Consider When Getting Started

Every year, more and more people are exercising their constitutional rights as South Africans to grow their own cannabis. So often hard lessons are learned during the beginning stages that people get discouraged and never pick up growing a little bit of their own medicine for once. So here are 7 basic things to consider before you get started growing cannabis outdoors.

Assess your Growing Space

The first thing would be to assess and identify the best growing space. You want to find a space that is private and not visible to the public as well as not accessible to everyone. Cannabis is a cash crop and will always remain one. Remember that your available space will determine how many plants you can grow comfortably and which growing methodology to apply.

It’s great to have cannabis growing and lots of it. Trust me I know… But you have to do your best not to overcrowd your space. This can cause airflow issues, leading to other issues like mould and plant diseases.

Evaluate the Grow Environment

Your growing environment is really important. A successful outdoor cultivator will always thank Mother Nature for a brilliant season. And pat himself/herself on the back for when she was tough on them. So consider the following:

Sunlight: We know that cannabis needs light to grow. But consider whether or not your space has enough sunlight and whether or not things like trees, buildings and street lights will influence your identified grow space. You want the most natural light exposure possible with as little obstruction as possible.

Protection from the elements: Cannabis is a hardy plant. It has been shown to withstand extreme weather. But this won’t be ideal for Your cannabis. So consider the amount of rain, wind and overall temperature fluctuations the plants will experience. You might want to raise the plants off the floor if things can flood during the summer in your backyard. Just something to consider.

Pests and Pets: Most outdoor grows will be subjected to pests and diseases. It is the grower’s job to be proactive and keep and clean space as well as maintain plant health by having an Integrated pest management system in place. Companion planting, herbicide or bioactive measures can be put in place. Consider your animals, you might want to keep animals such as dogs and cats away from the cannabis plants as pet hairs can get into your flowers. They also can sometimes run around and destroy things… So consider this.

Your Grow Medium

The grow medium you select is of extreme importance. It will help determine the nutrient selection for the grow cycle, your watering schedule and overall plant health and yield capacities.

In-ground vs Containers:

When you grow directly in the ground, the plants are provided with more room for root expansion. Your plants will be in one location which can have its downfalls if the weather was to get out of hand. Growing in containers gives you the ability to move your plants if you have to but also gives you more control over the root zone in general. The size of your root determines the size of your fruits. This is an old phrase that has some truth to it but really isn’t set in stone.

Soil vs. Soilless Mediums:

Soil is up of living organisms, organic material, sand, clay or loam. Is rich in nutrients and can be easier for beginners to manage. The occasional supplement of nutrients in the form of a compost tea can go a long way. Many hardcore organic growers have their own special soil mixture that they make over the years. Giving an extra uniqueness to their growing talents and cannabis as a whole. Soilless mediums like coco-coir and perlite normally are inert, it hold no nutrients. Some more experienced growers prefer this. This gives them the freedom to give the plant what it needs when it needs it. Although Soilless mediums can be treated like soil, it is important to know that it has more in common with hydroponics than it does with organics.

What is your water quality like?

Water not only is essential to growing cannabis but the quality of the water will drastically affect your outcomes. Know where the water is coming from. This alone will make you smarter and more effective at growing dank. Think of the following:

Water Source: Is it rainwater, tap water or are you getting it from a dam or river? Your water source often will have its own set of challenges from pH to mineral content (TDS) and toxicity. Cannabis plants will thrive in water that is kept in check. Every phase of your plants’ life produces better at a different pH. Different nutrient uptakes and all those things are important with the pH. So knowing if you have Hard or soft water will help you in making a decision in filtration or aeration of the water prior to you feeding it to the plants. The better your attention to detail the better your cannabis plant will reward you.

Watering Schedule: During the season your water demands will change. Will you be able to adjust your watering schedule and amounts? Soil and Soilless mediums have their own set of challenges when subjected to outdoor weather. Be mindful of this and ensure you can stay on top of this.

Your Budget

We can spend zero rands on a grow and still grow dank. We can spend little bits of money or thousands. This is all determined by your budget and needs. Growing can be simple or complex. Your scale and the quality you wish to achieve will affect your pocket. Know that not everything is free.

Initial Setup Costs: Consider the cost of seeds or clones, Growing containers or even building raised beds, nutrients, grow medium and equipment you will need like pH meters, soil moisture meters etc. Everything adds up. And they add up quickly. So budget ahead of time. See what you can afford and use what you can. Here is what I did when I started. I couldn’t afford a pH meter. So I went to my local fish pet store and bought the liquid pH test kit. It will give you an indication of where you are on the pH scale.

Backup Funds: Knowing that things will break and eventually need replacing. You should consider building a fund for your grow to help replace things as the grow is ongoing. YOu will find that many other expenses will pop up for things unexpected. Instead of having it surprise you and take from your day-to-day money. Put a little bit aside for this event. It is bound to happen.

Do you have the Time?

Growing really good cannabis is time-consuming. Like anything else. The more you invest into it the more it can reward you. Be realistic regarding this. Do not expect the best out of the plants if you are not present.

Time Commitment: You need to water the plants. Monitor them for issues and perform basic clean-up on the plant. If you don’t it will just negatively affect your desired outcomes and cause more issues in the growing cycle. How much time do you really have for all this? Maybe growing all those plants is not gonna work… Start small and grow within your means.

You should set up an almost ritualistic schedule around your plants and your lifestyle. If you have to be somewhere by 8 am… Be in the garden by 7… if you get home at 5 pm… start your monitoring at 6 pm… Make a plan but don’t do nothing.

Are you willing to Adapt?

Growing Cannabis Outdoors is rewarding but it can truly challenge you as a person. Are you tenacious and do you think out of the box? Sometimes you are forced to be creative to help your plants. Sometimes you need to be a scientist to get the best out of your cannabis. Are you capable of this? Or even willing to give it a go?

Problem-Solving: Your ability to respond to these challenges will greatly impact the quality of your grow. Whether it’s adjusting to an unexpected cold snap or finding a quick solution to a pest infestation, being adaptable is key.

Learning and Adjusting: Each growing season offers lessons. If something goes wrong, take it as an opportunity to learn and improve your methods for the next season. Your willingness to adapt and evolve will be a major factor in your success.

Starting an outdoor cannabis grow can be an incredibly rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning and consideration of several factors. By taking the time to assess your space, environment, grow medium, water quality, budget, schedule, and adaptability, you’ll set yourself up for a successful growing season. Remember, every grow is a learning experience, so don’t be afraid to make adjustments along the way and learn from your successes and challenges. Happy growing!

Posted on 7 August 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Permaculture: An Overview

The philosophy and ethics of permaculture form the bedrock upon which the entire discipline stands. Permaculture, a portmanteau of “permanent agriculture” and “permanent culture,” represents a holistic approach to designing environments that emulate the patterns and relationships found in natural ecosystems. Bill Mollison, one of the pioneers of the permaculture movement, introduces this unique approach with a focus on sustainable living, advocating for a shift from exploitative practices to regenerative ones that enhance the well-being of the Earth and its inhabitants.

At the heart of permaculture lies a set of core ethics that guide every action and decision within the framework. The primary ethics of permaculture are Earth Care, People Care, and Fair Share. Earth Care emphasizes the importance of preserving and restoring natural systems, ensuring the health of the planet for future generations. People Care focuses on the well-being of individuals and communities, promoting practices that support physical, mental, and social health. Fair Share advocates for equitable distribution of resources, encouraging practices that limit consumption and foster sharing and cooperation.

Understanding Natural Systems – Patterns, Cycles, and Feedback

Understanding and harnessing the intricacies of natural systems is pivotal. At the heart of this is the recognition of natural patterns, cycles, and feedback loops, which govern the functioning of ecological systems. Bill Mollison emphasizes the importance of working with, rather than against, these natural phenomena to create sustainable and self-regulating designs.

Natural patterns are the recurring configurations found in nature, such as the spiral shapes of galaxies, the branching of trees and rivers, or the tessellation of honeycombs. These patterns are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functionally efficient. For example, the branching pattern in trees and rivers optimizes the distribution of nutrients and water, while the spiral pattern in shells and hurricanes promotes efficient energy flow. In permaculture design, recognizing and incorporating these patterns can lead to more effective and sustainable systems. For instance, using keyline design for water distribution mimics the natural flow of water across landscapes, ensuring even hydration and reducing erosion.

Cycles are another fundamental aspect of natural systems. These are the recurring processes that sustain life, such as the water cycle, nutrient cycles, and seasonal cycles. Each cycle plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance and health of ecosystems. In permaculture, understanding these cycles allows us to create designs that support and enhance them. For example, integrating water reuse systems and rain gardens into a permaculture design can help sustain the water cycle by capturing and purifying rainwater, thereby reducing the need for external water sources.

Designing Sustainable Systems

Designing sustainable systems is at the heart of permaculture, providing a blueprint for creating environments that are resilient, self-sustaining, and in harmony with natural processes. The methodologies and strategies employed in permaculture design encompass a range of practices aimed at achieving these goals. Central to this endeavor is a deep reliance on observation and thoughtful planning, which ensures that designs are well-adapted to their specific contexts and needs.

The first step in effective permaculture design is thorough observation. This involves spending significant time understanding the unique characteristics of the site – its climate, soil type, topography, water availability, and existing flora and fauna. By observing the natural patterns and cycles present in the environment, designers can identify how to work with these forces rather than against them. This foundational knowledge allows for the creation of systems that function in harmony with the ecosystem. The design process incorporates permaculture principles such as diversity, edge effect, and stacking functions, ensuring that each element within the system serves multiple purposes. For example, a tree might provide shade, food, habitat for animals, and contribute to soil fertility through leaf litter.

The design process incorporates permaculture principles such as diversity, edge effect, and stacking functions, ensuring that each element within the system serves multiple purposes. For example, a tree might provide shade, food, habitat for animals, and contribute to soil fertility through leaf litter.

Water Management

Water management is a critical aspect of permaculture design, serving as the lifeblood of sustainable ecosystems. Effective water management in permaculture involves a combination of techniques for harvesting, conservation, and sustainable usage to ensure that this most valuable resource is used to its utmost efficiency. One of the fundamental techniques for collecting water in permaculture systems is rainwater harvesting. This involves capturing and storing rainwater from surfaces like rooftops or specially designed catchment areas. The use of rain barrels, cisterns, and swales—shallow channels designed to redirect surface runoff—are all common methods.

Sustainable water usage in permaculture is also about reducing waste and recycling water wherever possible. Greywater systems, which recycle water from household uses such as sinks, showers, and washing machines, can be treated and reused for irrigation. This not only reduces the demand on freshwater supplies but also provides a steady source of water for gardens and landscapes.

Soil Health and Management

Soil health and management are paramount in any sustainable agriculture system, and permaculture places a strong emphasis on building a fertile foundation for growing plants. Healthy soil is the bedrock of productive and resilient ecosystems, providing essential nutrients, supporting plant roots, and contributing to water retention and drainage. To achieve and maintain soil health in permaculture, a variety of methods can be employed, each focusing on enhancing the natural functions and fertility of the soil.

One primary method of improving soil fertility is through composting. This process turns waste into valuable humus, rich in nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms that improve soil structure and fertility. Properly managed composting can accelerate the breakdown process, ensuring the material reaches a stable form that can be safely and effectively applied to garden beds, fields, and orchards, thereby boosting the soil’s organic content and nutrient availability.

Integrating Plants and Animals

In permaculture, the integration of plants and animals plays a crucial role in establishing a balanced and productive ecosystem. The symbiotic relationships between flora and fauna are foundational to creating systems where every organism supports and enhances the well-being of others, contributing to a resilient and self-sustaining environment.

Plants and animals each have unique functions and benefits within a permaculture system. Plants, for instance, are vital for capturing solar energy through photosynthesis, creating biomass, and providing food and habitat for various animal species. They contribute to air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, and their root systems help stabilize soil and prevent erosion. Animals, on the other hand, play essential roles in pest control, pollination, soil fertilization, and seed dispersal. They also contribute organic matter through their waste products, which are valuable nutrients for plants.

Beneficial plant and animal relationships are illustrated through practices such as the use of nitrogen-fixing plants in polycultures. Leguminous plants like clover, peas, and beans have symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. Including these plants in a system can significantly enhance soil fertility without the need for synthetic fertilizers. Planting insectary plants, which attract beneficial insects such as pollinators and predators of pests, provides a natural form of pest control, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.

In Conclusion

There is lots more that can be said about permaculture. Ultimately, permaculture is more than just a method of agriculture or land management; it is a philosophy that encompasses a way of life. It calls for a deep connection to the Earth, a commitment to sustainability, and a recognition of the interconnectedness of all living systems. By adhering to its ethics and principles, individuals and communities can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable world, fostering a culture that values cooperation, conservation, and creativity in addressing the challenges of the modern era.

Posted on 31 July 202422 January 2025 by Joe

8 Fun Activities With Cannabis

For a long time, we have known cannabis to enhance our activities, making everyday experiences more enjoyable and immersive. Whether you’re an outdoor enthusiast, a creative soul, or someone who loves socialising, pairing the right strain with your favourite pastime can elevate the experience to new heights. Even doing nothing can become more fun with a little bit of toking involved…

The Perfect Strain for Every Activity

Before diving into the activities themselves, it’s essential to understand how different strains can influence your experience. Sativa strains are known for their uplifting and energising effects, making them perfect for active pursuits and creative endeavours. Hikes and painting sessions are the types of things that will pair well. Indica strains, on the other hand, are renowned for their relaxing and calming properties, ideal for more laid-back activities. Think, of movies or going for a massage vibe. Hybrid strains offer a mix of both, providing balanced effects suitable for a variety of activities. From playing board games to having fat chats. With this being said, we all react differently to cannabis so this is not set in stone. You could still smoke a heavy sativa strain like Durban Poison and still do movies be chilled out and have a great time.

Hiking and Nature Walks

For those who love the great outdoors, combining cannabis with hiking or nature walks can be a profoundly enriching experience. Nature has a way of making us feel again. Cannabis too. These two combined can truly change the way you see things in the world. Often people who take such walks or hikes would say that they feel reconnected to the source more than before and that their mental states are feeling so much more refreshing. Sativa strains can enhance your sense of wonder and appreciation for nature, making every sight and sound more vivid and engaging. The euphoria and heightened sensory perception brought on by cannabis can turn a simple hike into a memorable adventure, allowing you to connect with nature on a deeper level. My favourite thing to do in our country is to climb a mountain or a hilltop and sit right at the top and smoke a fatty. Makes me appreciate the gruelling climbs so much more.

Playing Board Games

Board games are a fantastic way to spend time with friends, and cannabis can make these sessions even more enjoyable. Try scrabble high, you will find more words made up than ever before. Opt for a hybrid strain that provides a balance of relaxation and mental clarity. This combination can help you focus on the game while also keeping the atmosphere light and fun. Whether you’re strategizing in a game of Catan or laughing over a round of Cards Against Humanity, cannabis can add a unique twist to your gaming nights. I love some 30-seconds action with a bunch of weed and munchies everywhere, buddies and some vibes in the background. You have never laughed so hard before.

Watching Comedies

A good laugh and cannabis are like old buddies. The two reconnect at any point in time and they gel like they never were separated. Whether you prefer stand-up specials, sitcoms, or hilarious movies, cannabis can amplify the humour, making every joke funnier and every scene more entertaining. Personally, I have almost lost my gut to laughter and cannabis. Indica strains, known for their relaxing effects, are perfect for this activity as they allow you to kick back, relax, and enjoy the show with heightened amusement. By far one of my go-to activities after a long day.

Listening to Music

Music and cannabis have a long-standing relationship, with many people swearing for the enhanced auditory experience that cannabis provides. Each strain can have its own unique effect on your listening experience too. Sativa strains can elevate your mood and make you more receptive to the nuances in the music, while Indica strains can deepen your appreciation for the rhythm and melodies. Whether you’re listening to your favourite album or discovering new tunes, cannabis can make the experience more immersive and enjoyable. Grab some headphones, smoke a bong – or whatever you’d like – and get some ditchery doo going. Comment below on how that went…

Deep Conversations with Friends

I have shared some of the most meaningful and profound moments of my life with friends and Cannabis. Sharing a joint with friends and diving into deep discussions can be incredibly rewarding. I have buddies that go completely silent after smoking pot, but even they make for the best conversations, often allowing the other person to get off their chest what they need to. Hybrid strains are ideal for these moments, as they keep you relaxed yet engaged, fostering an environment where ideas and thoughts can flow freely. From philosophical debates to sharing personal stories, cannabis can enhance the connection and depth of your conversations. For this activity, I recommend picking the right set of people too. Because sometimes it can go deep… And not be what you wanted.

Creative Pursuits: Painting and Crafting

For the Creatives, cannabis can be a powerful tool to unlock new levels of inspiration and focus. Sativa strains, with their uplifting and energizing effects, can help you tap into your artistic potential, whether you’re painting, drawing, or engaging in any other form of creative expression. I would also add that I have found most creatives to be more introverted, so know yourself and perhaps select a hybrid strain, as Sativas can become too much too. The heightened sensory perception and imaginative thinking brought on by cannabis can lead to unique and unexpected artistic creations. I have hosted many paint and smoke sessions and people love them. It’s amazing what you can do with some Bob Ross in the back and bong and paint brushes in the front.

Baking and Cooking

Cannabis can turn a regular cooking or baking session into a delightful culinary adventure. Hybrid strains that offer a mix of relaxation and focus are perfect for this activity, allowing you to enjoy the process of creating delicious treats while also indulging in the sensory pleasure of tasting your creations. It’s without a doubt that Munchies can also become a thing while doing the cooking and baking thing, aiding in the enjoyment of it all. As there isn’t much better than making your delicious munchies while baked out of your mind. From experimenting with new recipes to perfecting your favourite dishes, cannabis can make your time in the kitchen more enjoyable and rewarding.

Exercise

Some have found that a high workout often helps break mental barriers in the gym and also allows for a more enjoyable expeirence. Sativa strains can provide an energy boost and enhance your focus, making your workout more effective too. On the other hand, Indica strains can help you relax and deepen your stretches, promoting a sense of calm and mindfulness while doing it. Always start with a low dose to gauge how your body responds to cannabis during physical activities. Some use cannabis in recovery and have found it to be excellent. So perhaps after the gym session and not before. See what works.

In Conclusion

I always remember back to my first time having a real experience with being high and doing something I really enjoyed. Playing video games and laughing at some random thing that happened in the game. I swear that this was for some reason the most funniest and fun thing we did at the time. Eventually, the experiences turned into hiking and beaching on weed. But whatever your favourite pastime activity is, next time give it a go with cannabis that is paired to the occasion. I assure you that it will be a memorable experience.

Let us know some of your favourite things to do in the pastime with friends while high.

Posted on 24 July 202431 July 2024 by Joe

Cannabis Users LOVE Their Dealer

The relationship between consumers and their suppliers has become a significant element of the experience. This connection goes far beyond mere transactions; it is rooted in trust, familiarity, and often, a sense of community. Most South Africans have known their Dealer or Plug for years. The Plug knows them… It usually might have started as a sketchy transaction but later on becomes a relationship rooted around health, wealth and community. Let’s talk about it.

Trust: The Cornerstones of the Relationship

One of the primary reasons cannabis users love their dealer is the trust that develops over time. A reliable plug ensures consistent availability of cannabis, which is crucial for users who depend on it for medicinal or recreational purposes. The consistency in product availability fosters a deep sense of trust, making the user feel secure in their choice. Trust in the plug can run so deep that even when there is less availability from the plug, users are willing to wait.

Cannabis users often face challenges with availability and timing. Plugs operate on their own schedules, which can sometimes be unpredictable. However, once a reliable schedule is established, users learn to plan accordingly. For instance, Doing your best to connect with your plug before you are completely dry will help a lot. Calling them at 2 pm on a Saturday afternoon probably will have you waiting for hours. Consider the Rugby, consider your dealer… So plan ahead and in turn, the availability and timing for extreme callouts will be met.

The Personal Connection: More Than Just a Transaction

The amount of friendships built over the years of interacting with one another is truly remarkable. Most don’t consider their plug just a dealer but a close friend. The chances that they have introduced the family to their plug are high too. Chances that the family didn’t know the friend was the plug, were equally as high. The connections run really deep. Often plugs are willing to commodotte their client’s needs on personal levels. Like doing consignment so that users can have their medicine but also pay their bills at the same time.

In the community where I grew up in, the local Rasta would throw an annual community bash in the courts of the flats. They still do it to this day. Food and entertainment for the entire community. From talent shows to soccer games. The plug does this all for the community because without them he/she wouldn’t be either. The connection really is amazing.

Expertise and Knowledge: The Value of a Good Plug

Today, there are many walk-in stores. A space in which expertise around cannabis is valued highly. Budtenders in such spaces are expected to have a deep understanding of cannabis. Making it easier for anyone to walk-in have a brief conversation and be provided with a more accurate medicine. Generally, the environments are more professional and knowledge exchange tends to be at the forefront of such spaces. In my opinion, the lack there of would speak volumes of the place in itself.

Budtenders/Plugs should lead with education and information in regard to clients needs. For newer users, the walk-in store experience can be overwhelming but still impactful. Once all the nuances are properly discussed better informed decisions are made. Something that is not always seen driven by the normal plug that drops off whatever you picked from the list that he has.

The Flexibility of Different Purchasing Methods

Buying cannabis from a plug offers a level of flexibility that is appealing to many users. Plugs can often accommodate special requests and provide personalized service. However, this method requires patience and strategic planning, as plugs operate on their own schedules. Understanding and navigating this dynamic is key to maintaining a good relationship with a plug. Today, everyone has variety too. It use to be that only a select few plugs could provide a variety of flowers. This allows for a “shop” experience when still dealing with a plug directly.

Walk-in shops provide a more structured and consistent buying experience. The set business hours make it convenient for users to plan their purchases, and the professional environment ensures a higher standard of service. More and more people are appreciating these stores more. They are offering more amenities than ever before making it worthwhile. However, there can be drawbacks such as higher prices and the occasional inexperienced budtender. Due to the fact that there are no overarching standards, you will not really know what you gonna get inside the shop until you walk in.

Medicinal Benefits: More Than Just Recreation

For many, cannabis is more than a recreational substance; it is a vital medicine. People rely on cannabis to manage various conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, and insomnia. This medicinal aspect underscores the importance of having a reliable and knowledgeable supplier who can provide consistent quality products.

Whether dealing with a plug or a budtender, personalized care and recommendations are crucial for medicinal users. A supplier who understands the specific needs and preferences of their clients can provide products that offer the best therapeutic benefits. This personalized approach is highly valued by users who depend on cannabis for their health and well-being. Which in my opinion is 90% of users. We live in a new era, everyone wishes to know more and so value is provided by making better recommendations to the user.

The Importance of Communication and Respect

Effective communication is key to maintaining a good relationship with both plugs and budtenders. Users need to clearly communicate their needs and preferences to ensure they receive the right products. This includes discussing any issues or concerns they may have with the quality or availability of cannabis. Don’t be shy to voice your concern for the price, consistency in quality and or overall experience. A good plug will listen and do their best to be better for you.

As someone who serves the community, it truly is a blessing to be a plug in the life of. We fulfil such a crucial role to many and it hardly ever goes overlooked. There is always feedback from our clients. This is something I appreciate. Many times I will see people in public and they will show me love and introduce me straight to whomever they are with. Times have truly changed and the fact that users are showing such amazing embrace is a telling tale of acceptance.

If your plug has not made any effort to get to know you, understand your needs and accommodate you in any way. Then We recommend you switch. Whether you give us a go or try a new store around the corner. One thing that stands. Your medicine and the experience you have while getting it and using it. And if you love your Dealer, don’t forget to tell them next time.

You might just get that little extra Something-something.

Posted on 17 July 202425 August 2024 by Joe

CBD – Full Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum & Isolate

What is CBD?

CBD, which stands for cannabidiol, is one of over 100 naturally occurring compounds found in the cannabis plant. CBD is non-intoxicating, meaning it does not produce a “high” or the stoned effect associated with cannabis. CBD is largely known for its potential health benefits, and people have been using it for pain management, calmness, and combating inflammation.

What are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that can affect your brain and body in different ways. They’re produced naturally by your own body and also found in various plants like hemp.

Does that mean that other plants also contain cannabinoids? Yes, some other plants contain cannabinoid-like compounds which can also be beneficial. For instance, Cacao, which is the plant from which we make chocolate, contains anandamide, which is a cannabinoid that binds to your C1 receptors and makes you feel happy and relaxed.

Most CBD products that are regulated in our market are derived from hemp, which is a variety of cannabis plant that has very low levels of THC but is rich in cannabidiol (CBD). Some grow more full-spectrum CBD strains. However, due to legislative issues, these flowers are still deemed illegal and have made their market accessibility difficult. Hence why has the market developed the Broad spectrum approach, is it ideal? Is it Natural? Does all of that even matter?

These are Questions that must be asked along the way.

These cannabinoids interact with receptors in our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex system found in all mammals. It plays an essential role in regulating our body’s physical and cognitive processes like:

Sleep
Immunity
Stress Regulation
Pain Tolerance
Appetite
Memory
Reproductive System

and more…

ECS is also crucial in maintaining our overall health and balance. When the ECS is in a state of imbalance, or our body doesn’t produce enough cannabinoids, we can use the help of CBD.

Cannabinoids found in cannabis mimic our body’s natural endocannabinoids and help to restore natural balance in our body, this state is called ‘homeostasis’. Both endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids (the ones found in plants) bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are located throughout our bodies and support homeostasis. We have written a blog on this too. Please feel free to read or listen to it here.

What is Full-Spectrum CBD?

Refers to CBD-high cannabis that includes all the other natural cannabinoids and terpenes found in the plant. Generally, the THC levels are minimal, by law less than 0.2%. People have strong opinions over the % of THC content in the flower, with many saying that THC is necessary for bioavailability. Many studies also have corroborated the ‘bro-science’. Leading to a stronger push for better law-making. Nonetheless, because there is some THC in the ‘legal’ medicine, one can still say it will have an “entourage effect” even though you won’t be intoxicated by the THC, the medicine will have a more holistic benefit.

How is Full Spectrum CBD Oil made?

“There are many ways to skin a cat”…. Some use more sharper tools than others. Industry norms would include solvent extracts such as CO2, Butane or Alcohol. Non-solvent extracts would be Rosin pressed or Bubble hash. In the USA and Europe where cannabis is accessible as a medicine or recreation, Full Spectrum CBD is a normal selection on the shelves. From cured flowers to packaged in a disposable vape. The market has evolved to offer it to people who don’t want to get high but have maximum healing benefits. Inside the recreational spaces, one would normally find CBD products with more than 0.2% THC in them.

What Are The Benefits of Full-Spectrum CBD

A broader range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds may provide additional therapeutic benefits.
May be more effective and potent than the other types of CBD generally derived from Hemp.
Can provide a more ‘natural’ experience, as it closely resembles the original plant composition.

What is Broad-Spectrum CBD?

Broad-spectrum CBD is a middle ground between CBD isolate and full-spectrum CBD. It contains a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds, but with one key difference: zero THC. Generally speaking, this is a man-made process. Although, today one can find strains that can be considered broad spectrum – or just hemp then?

How is it made?

Broad-spectrum CBD is made through a similar extraction process as full-spectrum CBD. After the initial extraction, an additional step is taken to remove the THC content, usually through a process called chromatography or selective distillation. The result is a THC-free product that retains many of the beneficial compounds found in full-spectrum CBD. Broad-spectrum CBD has no detectable levels of THC. This makes it ideal for those who want to experience the benefits of the entourage effect without any exposure to THC, either due to personal preferences, legal restrictions, or employment-related drug testing concerns. Some people are also just very sensitive to THC and Broad Spectrum eliminates the possibility of any intoxication of THC. Remember that we are all different and our body chemistries are not the same.

Broad-spectrum CBD arose as a means to an end in the market. Farmers were stuck with full-spectrum CBD material but THC levels were too high or still present so they could not move any medicine into the market. So they decided to remove the THC. Even though our market is warming up to better trading each year it becomes easier to get your hands on things. Broad-spectrum CBD won’t lose its relevance since there are people that prefer it.

It’s better for animals like dogs that cannot process THC safely…

Benefits of Broad-Spectrum CBD

A wide array of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds that may provide additional wellness advantages
Suitable for individuals who want to avoid THC entirely, while still benefiting from the cannabis plant’s diverse components
May be particularly effective for conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, and inflammation, due to the synergistic action of the various plant compounds without THC

What is CBD Isolate?

CBD isolate is the purest form of CBD you can get, it contains only the CBD with no additional cannabinoids, terpenes, or other plant compounds.It does not have any THC content, and is not detectable in drug tests. CBD isolate is a crystalline solid or powder comprising pure CBD and nothing else.

How is CBD Isolate Oil made?

Once again there are many ways to skin the cat. We once wrote an article on THC-A diamonds, to get CBD isolate, the same process can also be used. Others use CO2 and fractional distillation to separate various cannabinoids and terpenes and isolate the CBD compound. I have seen someone make CBD isolate with 5 5-ton rosin pressing machines. Regardless, it takes much effort and time to produce. Making it naturally more expensive. The question in this regard would be, why would it be better if it were less natural? Considering that cannabis is a natural healing plant.

Benefits of CBD Isolate

CBD isolate offers many of the benefits of CBD, but does not benefit from the ‘entourage effect’. Some of the reported benefits include:

Better sleep
Elevates overall health and wellness
Improves mood and mental support
Supports quicker recovery after intense exercise
Does not make you feel “high” or show up in drug tests

Because it is isolated it can be used for a more accurate dosing and hence also target more specific healing. People who lean towards 100% natural processes would not be inclined to try isolated forms of anything, one would assume. It is important to understand the products you use and their origin. We have become very trusting as humans and sometimes we don’t ask critical questions concerning critical matters like our Health.

What should you buy?

Whether it is full-spectrum broad-spectrum or CBD isolate, doing more research will help you determine what is best for you. Most THC users will never even look at a CBD product. FOr those that do, Know your product. This is the best advice I can give. It is not as developed as the THC market nor is there a real understanding for the product. Even though there is less legality around it.

CBD and all its benefits also have flaws in its niche, from fake isolate products to ineffective products with high marketing schemes. Be mindful and consider asking more questions before buying anything CBD. if the person cannot have an open and honest conversation then I wouldn’t bother.

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Posted on 10 July 202417 January 2025 by Joe

Growing From Seed or Clone?

As the cannabis industry continues to flourish, many enthusiasts and cultivators are diving into the art of growing their own plants. It’s truly remarkable. The amount of new growers every season grows exponentially.

One of the most crucial decisions they face is whether to grow from seeds or clones. Both methods have their unique advantages and disadvantages, and understanding these can help growers make informed choices. Today, we will delve into the pros and cons of growing cannabis from seeds and clones, providing detailed insights to help you determine the best approach for your cultivation goals. For the sake of it all, when we mention “seeds” or “seed” we refer to regular cannabis seeds. Not feminized seeds, nor autoflowering cannabis seeds. This is a topic for a different day.

Understanding Cannabis Seeds

Genetic Diversity

One of the primary benefits of using seeds is the genetic diversity they offer. Each seed results from pollination between a male and a female plant, creating a unique genetic combination. This diversity allows growers to explore various strains and phenotypes, potentially discovering new and exciting characteristics. Something most experienced growers are looking for. Some growers grow hundreds , thousands of regular plants at a time to find only 1 or 2 very unique cannabis plants. These are the plants that we the consumers are enjoying on the streets. For every strain, Girl Scout Cookies to make it to market, thousands of cannabis plants went through a genetic selection. And this is truly the beauty of regular cannabis seeds.

Stronger Root Systems and Higher Yield

Plants grown from seeds typically develop stronger root systems. This robust root structure supports vigorous growth and can lead to higher yields compared to clones. The extensive root network allows the plant to absorb more nutrients and water, fostering healthier and more productive growth. It is not to say that it will always produce stronger and higher yields. Just bare this in mind.

Pest and Disease Resistance

Seeds generally exhibit greater pest and disease resistance. Since they are not direct clones of another plant, they do not inherit any genetic weaknesses or susceptibilities. This resilience can result in a healthier garden with fewer pest and disease issues. Local cultivators have used cannabis breeding to their utmost benefit. They are purposefully breeding more and more mould-resistant genetics, for local markets. Allowing for more superior terra-flowers to grow.

Longer Growing Time

However, growing from seeds involves a longer growing time. Seeds need to germinate, and the seedlings must establish themselves before they start to grow vigorously. This initial phase can take several weeks, extending the overall cultivation period. This generally doesn’t bother the organic grower that grows with the season in a greenhouse or outside. An indoor grower should consider their cultivation time much more, as this will directly implicate in electricity bills for longer light running time. During this grow phase of the plant your lights will run at an average 18 hours on 6 hours off.

Gender Identification

Another challenge with seeds is gender identification. Cannabis plants can be male, female, or hermaphroditic. Male plants must be identified and removed to prevent pollination, which can lead to seedy buds and reduced potency in the female plants. This process requires careful monitoring and early identification of male plants. Spending time to grow from seed just to find a male plant that won’t produce flowers is not ideal either. Hence why there are some transplanting and stages that growers set up for themselves during the vegetative phases of the plant in order to streamline and cut costs on the grows.

Variable Quality

Not all seeds will grow into healthy plants, leading to variable quality. Some seeds may fail to germinate or produce weak plants, which can be frustrating and costly. It is essential to source high-quality seeds from reputable breeders to minimize these risks. Thankfully our market is becoming more and more sophisticated by the year, and finding a reputable online source has become easier. Some grow stores even sell seeds too.

Exploring Cannabis Clones

Consistent Quality

Clones offer consistent quality because they are genetically identical to the parent plant. This uniformity ensures that the desired traits, such as potency, flavour, and growth characteristics, are preserved in each new plant. For commercial growers, this predictability is invaluable. But more and more home growers are finding that this is much easier for them to manage, saving them time and money. You know what you will get and that is also not a bad thing for cultivators.

Faster Growing Time

Clones can be planted directly into the growing medium and begin developing immediately, leading to a faster growing time. This accelerated growth cycle allows growers to harvest more frequently, increasing overall productivity. When sourcing clones from a grower or entity, they should come ready to plant. A sign of a good nursery is the state of health the plants arrive in. You skip 4-6 weeks out of your cultivation and depending on your method of cultivation some can go straight into the flower phase from a 20cm clone. Cutting down Cultivation to 8 – 10 weeks.

No Gender Identification Needed

With clones, there is no need for gender identification. Since clones are taken from a female plant, all the new plants will also be female. This eliminates the risk of accidental pollination and ensures that all plants produce high-quality, seedless buds. The only risk you might run into is hermaphrodism, as plants that come under high-stress seed themselves, called Selfing.

Limited Genetic Diversity

However, clones come with their own set of limitations. One significant drawback is the limited genetic diversity. Using clones restricts growers to the genetics of the parent plant, which can be a disadvantage if those genetics are not ideal for certain growing conditions or if they lack desirable traits. Growers should always be mindful of the strains they are selecting and in which environment their clones come from.

Increased Risk of Pests and Diseases

Clones can also carry over pests and diseases from the parent plant. Any genetic weaknesses or susceptibilities present in the parent will be passed on to the clones. This can result in increased vulnerability to infestations and infections, requiring vigilant pest management practices. If the clones come dirty to you and you don’t have any protocol in place, you will infect the entire grow space. So another trick when getting clones from anyone would be to isolate and treat them first for any mould and bacteria before introducing them to the space. Pathogens can latch on during the transportation process, insect vectors and many other things. So just because you getting them from a clean nursery doesn’t mean when they arrive by your doorstep they will be clean.

Making the Right Choice

Choosing between seeds and clones ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences. Here are some factors to consider when making your decision:

If you value genetic diversity and enjoy experimenting with different strains, growing from seeds might be the better option. Seeds offer the opportunity to discover unique phenotypes and tailor your garden to specific preferences. However, if you prioritize consistent quality and uniformity in your harvests, clones are likely the way to go. The predictable nature of clones ensures reliable results with every crop.

Assess the time and effort you are willing to invest in your cultivation process. Growing from seeds involves a longer initial phase and the need for gender identification, which can be labour-intensive. Clones, on the other hand, streamline the process by eliminating the need for these steps and speeding up the growth cycle.

Conclusion

Both seeds and clones have their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Understanding these can help you make an informed decision that aligns with your cultivation goals. Whether you choose the genetic diversity and higher yield potential of seeds or the consistent quality and faster growth of clones, it is crucial to source your seeds or clones from reputable suppliers. High-quality genetics are the foundation of a successful cannabis garden, ensuring healthy plants and bountiful harvests.

How Korean Natural Farming Began

The Methodology

Strengths and Benefits

The Nutritive Cycle Theory

Importance of IMO

Korean Natural Farming Inputs

Here is how I go about making IMO

How to utilize IMO

Organic Nutrients

Advantages of Organic Nutrients:

Disadvantages of Organic Nutrients:

Synthetic Nutrients – Salts

Advantages of Synthetic Nutrients:

Disadvantages of Synthetic Nutrients:

Carbon-integrated nutrients

Advantages of Carbon-Integrated Nutrients

Disadvantages of Carbon-Integrated Nutrients

How to Choose the Best Fit for Your Needs

The Basics of Cannabis Seeds

The Anatomy of a Cannabis Seed

Feminized vs. Regular Cannabis Seeds: What’s the Difference?

Feminized Cannabis Seeds

Advantages of Feminized Seeds

Disadvantages of Feminized Seeds

Regular Cannabis Seeds

Advantages of Regular Seeds

Disadvantages of Regular Seeds

Autoflowering Cannabis Seeds: A Third Option

Advantages of Autoflowering Seeds

Disadvantages of Autoflowering Seeds

Which Seed Type is Right for You?

Identifying Your Soil Type

Preparing and Improving the Soil

Here is how I get all the life in the soil going before I put my cannabis in it.

Assess your Growing Space

Evaluate the Grow Environment

Your Grow Medium

What is your water quality like?

Your Budget

Do you have the Time?

Are you willing to Adapt?

Understanding Natural Systems – Patterns, Cycles, and Feedback

Designing Sustainable Systems

Water Management

Soil Health and Management

Integrating Plants and Animals

In Conclusion

The Perfect Strain for Every Activity

Hiking and Nature Walks

Playing Board Games

Watching Comedies

Listening to Music

Deep Conversations with Friends

Creative Pursuits: Painting and Crafting

Baking and Cooking

Exercise

In Conclusion

Trust: The Cornerstones of the Relationship

The Personal Connection: More Than Just a Transaction

Expertise and Knowledge: The Value of a Good Plug

The Flexibility of Different Purchasing Methods

Medicinal Benefits: More Than Just Recreation

The Importance of Communication and Respect

What is CBD?

What are Cannabinoids?

What is Full-Spectrum CBD?

How is Full Spectrum CBD Oil made?

What Are The Benefits of Full-Spectrum CBD

What is Broad-Spectrum CBD?

How is it made?

Benefits of Broad-Spectrum CBD

What is CBD Isolate?

How is CBD Isolate Oil made?

Benefits of CBD Isolate

What should you buy?

Leave us a comment below

Understanding Cannabis Seeds

Genetic Diversity

Stronger Root Systems and Higher Yield

Pest and Disease Resistance